Sample Undergraduate Estate Management Dissertation Part

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Estate Diversification and Impact of Diversification on Rural States in the Last 20 Years in the UK

Literature Review

During the 21st century, rural areas in England face various challenges. The funding cuts have decreased public services. The gap is widening between housing prices in rural areas and incomes in developing areas. The lack of internet access is ridding rural communities of social and economic development opportunities.

The main reason for all this is the landed estates having their Impact on rural areas all over the UK. (Marsden & Sonnino, 2008). This literature review focuses on the results of rural diversification in the UK over the past 20 years. This literature review would comprise three distinct parts: diversification landed estates and the loss suffered by rural states.

In 2008, local planning officials criticized the Taylor Study of the Rural Economic and Affordable Housing to evaluate whether villages could sustain more expansion. The study concluded that what Matthew Taylor termed a “sustainability trap.” was the product of a narrow approach for identifying what makes a location a sustainable development site. (Taylor, 2008).

Landed estates are the lands that produce the owner’s income without the owner needing to any job. (Houston, 2014). There is a positive atmosphere under agricultural ground, considering some possible clouds on the horizon, and advanced farms prepare a sustainable future for their companies.

Despite short-term uncertainty – not least politically due to Brexit-related unknowns – the discount prospects are clear to all. Smart owners are now benefiting: whether they are building on a favourable investment market, dependent on a more diversified business, or flourishing because of evolving leisure habits – property owners will adapt to challenges effectively and use their happiness. (Houston, 2014).

While the risks should be specifically defined and considered, many democratic mortgages are investing to spend and using attractive terms to broaden their balance sheets and transact business for many years to come. Many high-end properties borrow loans to invest and take advantage of attractive terms to expand their balance sheets and do business for many years to come. 73% Sector experts say landed estates are getting larger

Several variables decide this mood. Interest rates have remained minimal for some time, and these low-interest rates are projected to remain affordable for savings, pending minor variations. But the financial world is also shifting, and many countries where agricultural incomes have deteriorated are looking to new prospects from these core incomes. (Jones, 2018).

Diversification has been important for the sector, and the wider asset base has to be looked at and made sweaty. “I think diversification is the key,” said Ian Baker, Barclays National Head of Landed Estates. “It helps to spread the risk, even if they have a return on investment, it is important to provide as many different revenue streams as possible.”

The plots are getting greater with diversification. In the sum of land owned, this may not be expressed. For several, growth is and is on the table when it comes to assets, including new kinds of assets, such as commercial properties outside the main house. This, in itself, represents a change in the owners’ mindset. The borrowing of the main property was already going on a couple of years back. It has improved at least with the more sophisticated features that are beginning to walk on the accelerator. (di Belmonte, 2017).

What is driving investment decisions?

There are also other considerations supporting investment choices, in addition to diversification. The most significant factors are return on assets and return on equity. For landowners, taxation is not an important issue, but one of the consequences of making an investment decision is that it is appropriate to take care of the tax consequences. (Bilicka, 2019).

Landlords are still very comfortable with their social obligation. This extends to all generations, and there is a deep sense that providing decent accommodation, infrastructure and employment is important. Many assets are potentially prepared to lose any of their investment return to reflect on their social obligation.

The two, though, are not inherently mutually exclusive, and having time to think about how they can do both can be useful for landowners. Investing in renewable energy, affordable housing, and job development are only three fields that can meet these requirements.

At the same time, employment shortages can be partly offset by growing the number of apprenticeships offered due to workforce management automation. (Bent et al., 2016; Edwards, 2011). Four reasons why landed estates are borrowing (diversification, improving assets, advantages at low interest, investment).

Landed Estates are Becoming More Professional.

Professional property directors and administrators play an increasingly important role in property management, and those who excel are put on the move. Many forward-thinking owners now need the best persons to act on their land, resulting in a more dynamic labour market. (Brown, 2020).

Cfos are employed to land, and they bring an approach to the business that is entirely different from conventional property management. To see more benchmarking and auditing, they pose even more questions about the assets’ financial management and emphasize growing returns. These products are growing quickly as a result. One of the main challenges that still worries the industry should also concentrate on technical accuracy and succession planning. (Gore, 2011).

While financial planning is usually well handled by legal, tax and other factors, family planning is still a concern for many properties. The reason is that everyone knows from a young age what to expect. Therefore, spending some time developing a strategic family strategy is necessary.

This should be reviewed occasionally or as conditions alter. However, it is crucial that individuals know the criteria so that they can organize their lives accordingly. (Davies, 2007). The owners deserve to transfer a property that offers a reasonable return when moving on a property – and ultimately want their overall property to be greater than when the property was purchased. (Morris, 2005).

What does the future look like?

What are the industry’s prospects? Real estate is still owned by people who have done well in their lives regarding land, but doing well means something different in society now than it has in the past. This has resulted in various kinds of personalities joining the industry. Their opinions on land ownership can be somewhat different from those of more conventional owners – and maybe even live itself.

The Impact of landed estates on Rural Areas of England

More or less than 2,000 villages are overlooked by the planning process all over the UK. The planners’ main justification is that these rural areas are “unsustainable” due to their lack of public service, i.e. A post office. But what has made these areas go unsustainable, what factors have affected these areas to the extent that they are unable to compete.

Landed estates are heavily shadowing rural areas, property owners are more interested in investing in this property type, and thus this has bought the diversification as mentioned earlier. (Shucksmith, 2012). Unsustainable villages do not get accommodation and have very small growth resources to increase their viability, which places them in a decreasing loop. Sustainability scores assess villages against a continuum of facilities and resources that are more compatible with the life and usage of services of previous generations. (Tien el at, 2019).

Nearly all local councils in rural areas establish settlement hierarchies as part of a local plan. The definition of the settlement hierarchy makes sense, and it helps explain each settlement’s facilities. Local authorities must conduct biodiversity evaluations to create a settlement hierarchy.

Municipalities shall draw up a list of the services they deem appropriate for a sustainable municipality and grant a bill with several points for each service offered in the municipality. As long as it stays in existence, the designation scheme is a snapshot that is then included in the municipality’s plan. (Ammons, 2014).

The labour agreement research has demonstrated that, in some situations, hierarchies occurred ten years ago, creating questions about the transparency of these documents as the provision of resources varies. To identify settlements into categories, the findings are used.

The more the points the wages earned, the lower the organization puts them. According to the local government, the vast majority of lower-level villages would have some services but are less affordable than others. Housing is then assigned to the settlements that earn the most points in the hierarchy through the local strategy. This leads to massive expansions of high-market towns and villages and a lack of new homes in the lower hierarchy. (Snell, 2018).

Out of 70 councils, 26 do not mention any villages listed as ‘unsustainable’ in their local plan. The overall number is more expected to be considerably greater than that suggested in the collective agreement. According to the local plan and economic growth, housing allocation is either very stringent or not tolerated within the 2,154 individuals listed. (Raum, 2018).

Broadband and Sustainability

The most shocking fact from the study, considering its effect on modern society, is that only 18 per cent of local authorities accept broadband to assess a settlement’s viability. Access to the Internet has a substantial influence on rural diversity. It decreases alienation and offers access to banking, shopping, schooling, fitness, networking, jobs and entertainment facilities. The biggest distinction lies in the usage of rural banks. The majority of rural adults (51%) record expanded Internet use for goods and services, compared with 44% of urban Internet users. (Pant & Odame, 2017)

Transport and Sustainability

Almost all of the city authority records analyzed in the general agreement considered that civilization’s sustainability was compromised by reliance on automobile use. This is expressed in the importance of evaluating bus transit provision, as public transit connections will carry residents to another residence for services, making it a more accessible location.

The local authorities’ current mentality is absent, aside from the apparent fear that settlements will be prosecuted for bus links that are both political and technically down to almost 30 years. Those living in rural areas face home costs that are much higher than local incomes, meaning they have to move from a location where accommodation is cheaper for their workers. City planning strategies could provide greater incentives for constructing houses where residents close to work can minimize carbon dioxide emissions from commuting. (Evenson et al., 2017).

What happens to rural areas?

The allocation of housing, in reality, is a tricky process. In the settlement hierarchy, households in the settlements are strongly assigned. The construction, reconstruction or transformation of buildings within existing borders, exceptional rural locations or exceptional places for beginners on a small scale is the only choice for the settlements defined in the collective agreement.

If housing requirements are to be addressed, villages cut off from the urban planning process must either go through a neighbourhood plan or search for a God-giver. Locals stress this to encourage self-development through urban plans or wind villages, such as unique countries’ unique positions.

Unfortunately, to be a nationwide approach, this strategy does not yield enough outcomes. However, certain municipal councils are very proactive in addressing the housing needs of small rural areas.

Reduction in Social Capital of Rural Communities

Social capital is the network of connections in a given community between individuals who live and work, through which society can operate efficiently.

“Social capital” is one of the issues not addressed by the planning system when addressing rural development. Such community connections and informal support networks, particularly in thinner rural areas, are essential to sustain support systems when government resources are removed. (Bibby & Brindley, 2013) along with ONS studied and uncovered the social capital of rural societies in 2011,

Rural residents have more confidence in the people in their community (79% vs 62% in urban areas), believe like those in their area want to support their neighbours (80% vs 66%), feel secure in your atmosphere when it is dark Walk alone (81% vs 70%) and know that you belong to your region (71 per cent vs 60 per cent)

While there is a range of reasons that force people of all ages to leave their rural communities, housing availability is important. To finance the next generation, neighbourhoods deemed unsustainable are likely to have fewer social resources when no homes are constructed. (Pateman, 2011).

The present planning guidance acknowledges that facilities will help services in another household in one residence. The residents will make use of a post office in a village. This grouping illustrates how interdependent settlements are and do not need to be self-sufficient. It operates in two ways.

The loss of a village job has a correspondingly detrimental impact on the community’s sustainability. For utilities, clustering is helpful but less efficient for accommodation. For a family member or a neighbour, a caregiver who may travel is less capable of performing this function. Providing homes in the same neighbourhood to preserve these relations is integral to preserving social resources in rural communities.

References

Ammons, D. (2014). Municipal Benchmarks: Assessing Local Performance and Establishing Community Standards: Assessing Local Performance and Establishing Community Standards. Routledge.

Bibby, P., & Brindley, P. (2013). The 2011 rural-urban classification for small area geographies: a user guide and frequently asked questions (v1. 0). Office for National Statistics.

Bilicka, K. A. (2019). Comparing UK tax returns of foreign multinationals to matched domestic firms. American Economic Review, 109(8), 2921-53.

Brown, R. E. (2020). The book of the landed estate. BoD–Books on Demand.

Davies, S. J. (2007). A Guide to the Retention of Modern Records on Landed Estates. Records Management Journal.

di Belmonte, S., Seaman, C., & Bent, R. (2016). Keeping it in the family: family, priorities and succession in Scottish landed estates. Journal of Family Business Management.

di Belmonte, S., Seaman, C., & Bent, R. (2017). Keeping it in the family: family, priorities and succession in Scottish landed estates. Journal of Family Business Management.

Edwards, J. R. (2011). Accounting on English landed estates during the agricultural revolution–a textbook perspective. Accounting Historians Journal, 38(2), 1-45.

Gore, A. K., Matsunaga, S., & Eric Yeung, P. (2011). The role of technical expertise in firm governance structure: Evidence from chief financial officer contractual incentives. Strategic Management Journal, 32(7), 771-786.

Henning-Smith, C., Evenson, A., Corbett, A., Kozhimannil, K., & Moscovice, I. (2017). Rural Transportation: Challenges and opportunities. Policy Brief. University of Minnesota Rural Health Research Center. http://rhrc. umn. edu/wp-content/files_mf/1518734252UMRHRCTransportationChallenges. pdf.

Houston, R. (2014). Peasant petitions: social relations and economic life on landed estates, 1600-1850. Springer.

Jones, E. L. (2018). The Landed Interest. In Landed Estates and Rural Inequality in English History (pp. 1-10). Palgrave Pivot, Cham.

Marsden, T., & Sonnino, R. (2008). Rural development and the regional state: Denying multifunctional agriculture in the UK. Journal of Rural Studies, 24(4), 422-431.

Morris, R. J. (2005). Men, women and property in England, 1780–1870: a social and economic history of family strategies amongst the Leeds middle class. Cambridge University Press.

Pant, L. P., & Odame, H. H. (2017). Broadband for a sustainable digital future of rural communities: A reflexive interactive assessment. Journal of Rural Studies, 54, 435-450.

Pateman, T. (2011). Rural and urban areas: comparing lives using rural/urban classifications. Regional trends, 43(1), 11-86.

Raum, S. (2018). A framework for integrating systematic stakeholder analysis in ecosystem services research: Stakeholder mapping for forest ecosystem services in the UK. Ecosystem Services, 29, 170-184.

Shucksmith, M. (2012). Future directions in rural development? (Vol. 15). Dunfermline: Carnegie UK Trust.

Snell, K. D. M. (2018). Reviews: Landed Estates and Rural Inequality in English History: From the Mid-Seventeenth Century to the Present. Rural History, 29(2), 281-282.

Taylor, M. (2008). Living working countryside. The Taylor Review of Rural Economy and.

Tien, N. H., Bien, B. X., Vu, N. T., & Hung, N. T. (2019). Risks of unsustainable economics development in Vietnam. International Journal of Management and Commerce, 1(4), 4-9.